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Alexander the Great lived from 356-323 and was the king of Macedonia. As a child he was tutored by Aristotle and broke a horse that would not be mounted. After his father’s assassination, Alexander inherited the kingdom and he led vast military expansions throughout the Persian-controlled Asia Minor. Over the course of about 10 years, Alexander was able to defeat the Persian King Darius III and take over the entirety of the Persian Empire. Not only did Alexander establish a large empire of his own, he was primarily responsible for the spread of Greek ideals in art known as Hellenization. These impressions of Alexander’s influence continued through the Byzantine Empire in the mid-15th century.
Napoleon is the most charismatic general in French history, famed for his military successes. Starting as a second lieutenant in the French artillery, he rose quickly through the ranks until he staged a 1799 coup that made him First Consul of France. He led his armies to victory after victory, and by 1807 France ruled territory that stretched from Portugal to Italy and north to the river Elbe. But Napoleon's attempts to conquer the rest of Europe failed; a defeat in Moscow in 1812 nearly destroyed his empire, and in 1814 he was deposed and exiled to the island of Elba. Less than a year later, he escaped Elba and returned to power, but was defeated at the Battle of Waterloo in June 1815. Napoleon spent the last six years of his life under British supervision on the island of Saint Helena. While considered a tyrant by his opponents, he is also remembered for the establishment of the Napoleonic code, which laid the administrative and judicial foundations for much of Western Europe. In the end, Napoleon has become a worldwide cultural icon who symbolizes military genius and political power.
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